Holosystolic Murmur Introduction.
A holosystolic murmur, also called a pansystolic murmur, begins immediately after the first heart sound (S1) and continues to the second heart sound (S2), as illustrated in the phonocardiogram. Typically high-pitched, these murmurs are usually caused by ventricular septal defect, mitral regurgitation or tricuspid regurgitation, as discussed below.
Ventricular Septal Defect
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a congenital condition associated with abnormal blood flow between the left ventricle and the right ventricle due to a shunt (hole) in the wall that separates the right and left ventricles. Holosystolic murmurs can be auscultated over the left 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces and along the sternal border.
Our reference guide for a holosystolic murmur caused by ventricular septal defect:
Ventricular Septal Defect Lesson
