Quick Q&A
Question #1
The clip shown illustrates:
- A. An in-plane short axis approach
- B. An in-plane long axis approach
- C. An out-of-plane short axis approach
- D. An out-of-plane long axis approach
Show Answer
The correct answer is C, an out-of-plane short axis approach. It shows the “vanishing target” sign – the needle is out of the plane of the ultrasound and perpendicular or in a short axis relative to the vessel.
Question #2
The clip shown illustrates:
- A. An in-plane short axis approach
- B. An in-plane long axis approach
- C. An out-of-plane short axis approach
- D. An out-of-plane long axis approach
Show Answer
The correct answer is A, an in-plane short axis approach. It shows a needle in the plane of the ultrasound, but short axis to the nerve, with anesthetic being deposited outside the nerve.
Question #3
The most frequent “ideal entry point” for an ultrasound guided pericardiocentesis in the Mayo Clinic series was:
- A. Left parasternal
- B. Right parasternal
- C. Para-apical
- D. Subxiphoid
Show Answer
The correct answer is C. In the Mayo series, the shortest distance between skin and pericardial fluid was para-apical in 173/211 pericardiocentesis (82% of cases).
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